Speer was appalled by this order, and persuaded several key military and political leaders to ignore it. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. [13], In mid-1922, Speer began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (19051987), the daughter of a successful craftsman who employed 50 workers. "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. His mother died in 1952. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. [5] Speer was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . Ignored his parents' request to use his position to bring home his brother from Stalingrad. Inventing for Speer the post of General Inspector of Buildings, Hitler steadily promoted him to the point where other Nazi leaders and rivals believed that he might well become Hitler's successor. He has risen to the top of the . This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. "[16] The historian Magnus Brechtken, discussing Speer, said he did not give anti-Jewish public speeches and that his anti-Semitism can best be understood through his actionswhich were anti-Semitic. [145], Speer's memoirs were a phenomenal success. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". He met Hitler and toured the damaged Chancellery before leaving Berlin to return to Hamburg. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. Despite his opposition to the 20 July plot, he falsely claimed in his memoirs to have been sympathetic to the plotters. [147], Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". In the summer of 1942 Paulus advanced toward Stalingrad with 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7,000 guns and mortars, and 25,000 horses. Yet development and production would take at least two years. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. All of the Germanic peoples will be included in it. [91], The largest technological advance under Speer's command came through the rocket program. This article is about the book. Included in the building works was material to build gas chambers, crematoria and morgues. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. FRANKFURT Albert Speer Jr., an internationally prominent architect who sought throughout his life to distance himself from the dark legacy of his father, a member of Adolf . [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. [5], Another kind of criticism is the claim that Speer pretended that he was unaware of the extermination camps and presented the figure of a "good Nazi". [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. [125] He had completed his memoirs by November 1953, which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. [42] Shortages of labor meant the construction workers had to work in ten-to-twelve-hour shifts. [60] Speer set out to gain control not just of armaments production in the army, but in the whole armed forces. happened. Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. His sister's name was Carrie. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. Gring was reluctant to grant this. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. Before that, Speer worked as the chief architect in Hitler's Nazi . The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. "[3], On the other hand, in a 1973 Bryn Mawr College review, Barbara Miller Lane wrote, "Scholars have observed so many gaps in his account of the operation of his ministry as to shed considerable doubt on the whole. [149] In the same year, he appeared on the television programme The World at War. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. Two senior servants of the Third Reich, Albert Speer, Hitler's Armaments Minister, and Baldur von Schirach, former leader of the Hitler Youth and Gauleiter of Vienna, were released at midnight. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. Ernst Speer. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . The Speer houses are on the right side. "[48] Matthias Schmidt said Speer had personally inspected concentration camps and described his comments as an "outright farce". Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. . Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Little remains of his personal architectural work. BERLIN When Hilde Schramm inherited several paintings collected by her father, Hitler's chief architect and Armaments Minister Albert Speer, she was only sure of one thing: she did not want. Victoria married. The Fhrer emerges as neither an incompetent nor a carpetgnawing madman but as an evil genius of warped concepts endowed with an ineffable personal magic. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany, into a wealthy middle class family to Albert and Luise Speer. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. [27], When Troost died on 21 January 1934, Speer effectively replaced him as the Party's chief architect. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Speer was loyal to Hitler, and his experience building prisoner of war camps and other structures for the military qualified him for the job. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. sort by. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. Study now. The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. Hello. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer ( Mannheim, 19. oujka 1905. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. Thanks! Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. "[118], Speer was credited with an "armaments miracle". Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. [177] The rational position to adopt was to seek a political solution that would end the war without defeat. 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