directed energy weapons on humansdirected energy weapons on humans

"Raytheon focuses on non-lethal weapons", Andrew Johnson. For example, lasers can cut through steel, aluminum, and many other materials in a matter of seconds. In an effort to avoid such condemnation the state security service, the Stasi, attempted alternative methods of repression which could paralyze people without keeping them in a physical prison. This laser would be megawatt class and have a range of hundreds of miles. This type of weapon shows great potential as a riot-control device or area-denial system. Future research will seek to increase the power and decrease the size of DEW systems. In fact, the megawatt-class Airborne Laser developed in the late 1990s and early 2000s required an entire 747 aircraft to hold the equipment. Fixing the Research and Deployment Bottlenecks. When they return to their normal or ground state, the electrons emit photons (particles of light). The release noted the HPM and HEL systems engaged and defeated dozens of unmanned aerial system targets during the exercise.14. Lasers produce either continuous beams or short, intense pulses of light in every spectrum from infrared to ultraviolet. They built an electron accelerator called Rheotron to generate hard X-ray synchrotron beams for the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM). [83] A few years later, the cruise liner Spirit of Adventure also defended itself from Somali pirates by using its LRAD to force them to retreat. It is relatively close to deployment. Artilleri-Tidskrift (22009): s. s 1215. 5-1111, Special Report, Phillips Laboratory, March 1996, 76. The distinction between them is the wavelength/frequency of the energy. DEW technology is changing faster than international laws and treaties can adapt. The ABL is a system that uses a megawatt chemical laser mounted on a modified Boeing 747 to shoot down theater ballistic missiles. Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. [56] Their weapons capability has been controversially used in the USA to disrupt numerous protests. 7, No. "Mobile/Tactical High Energy Laser (M-THEL) Technology Demonstration Program,", Richard M. Roberds, Ph.D., "Introducing the Particle-Beam Weapon,", GlobalSecurity.org, "Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3)," at, Bill Gertz, "N. Korea Fired Laser at Troops,", "Mobile/Tactical High Energy Laser (M-THEL) Technology Demonstration Program. The release noted the HPM and HEL systems engaged and defeated dozens of unmanned aerial system targets during the exercise, The High Energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator, or HEL MD, is the result of U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command research. ), is an Executive Vice President and Directed Energy Lead at Booz Allen Hamilton and the former Director of the Missile Defense Agency. Laser light can be produced by a number of different methods, ranging from rods of chemically doped glass to energetic chemical reactions to semiconductors. low-cost per shot compared to traditional munitions. They can not only achieve these speeds but can maneuver at them as well including varying trajectories, headings and altitudes. Directed energy is a breakthrough technology whose time has come. [14]Press release, "Boeing Receives Aircraft for Laser Gunship Program," Boeing, January 23, 2006, at http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2006/q1/060123a_nr.html (March 15, 2006). Conceptual MindWorks in San Antonio, TX received a $7 million cost-plus fixed-fee contract to provide for research support around emerging directed energy weapons (including non-lethal weapons) and their effects on humans.Work will be conducted in cooperation with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate (AFRL/HEDR), Directed Energy Bio-effects Division, Radio . Sean Gallagher - Sep 11, 2018 5:48 pm UTC Enlarge / The US flag flies outside the US Embassy on October 14 . Washington, DC 20319-5066. Examples include damaging individual components, circuit cards, or the mother boards in a desktop computer. Between 200005, a prototype chemical laser successfully destroyed 46 rockets, artillery shells and mortar rounds in flight during field tests. General DOD policy is that directed-energy weapons can be used legitimately on the battlefield. In recent years the U.S. Navy deployed a 30kW class solid state laser weapon system (LaWS) prototype on the Afloat Forward Staging Base, USS Ponce. In addition, the Air Force has partnered with the Navy in the development of a high-power RF weapon called High-power Joint Electromagnetic Non-Kinetic Strike (HiJENKS) capable of attacking electronics, communications and computer networks. The pain forces the person to flee the area. [38] The device comes in various sizes, including attached to a Humvee. Raytheon had marketed a reduced-range version of this technology. The effects can be latent, durable, highly disruptive and attribution is difficult. This type of weapon shows great potential as a riot-control device or area-denial system. This destroys the device but produces electrical pulses in the terawatt range-the equivalent of 10 to 1,000 lightning strikes. Directed energy weapons, also known by the brand name Active Denial System, are a new technology developed by the U.S. military. Depending on the type of laser, this means that the weapon can have an almost "endless magazine" of laser bursts. In the 1970s and '80s it became the primary method of repressing domestic 'hostile-negative'[73] forces. In addition to being able to scale effects on a target, directed energy weapons have inherent attributes that are attractive to the warfighter. The power output necessary for a weapons-grade laser ranges from 10 kilowatts to 1 megawatt. Other members of a crowd are unaffected, except by panic when they see people fainting, being sick, or running from the scene with their hands over their ears. 1 Department of Defense Joint Publication 3-13.1, Electronic Warfare (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2012). However, directed-energy weapons (DEWs) are a reality, and several have already been tested under battlefield conditions. The system consists of several modules: an infrared detection system to detect the missile's launch; the Tracking Illumination Laser (TILL); the Beacon Illuminator Laser (BILL); and the Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL). Bofors HPM Blackout is a high-powered microwave weapon that is said to be able to destroy at short distance a wide variety of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronic equipment and is purportedly non-lethal. Not only could they be used to defend against ballistic missiles in the boost/ascent and midcourse phase, but they could also be used to defend critical space-based assets against enemy anti-satellite attack. Current HPM research focuses on pulsed power devices, which create intense, ultrashort bursts of electrical energy and would be used to power the microwave generator of an HPM weapon. The Active Denial System (ADS) is a non-lethal directed-energy weapon developed by the U.S. military, designed for area denial, perimeter security and crowd control. 1, 2018, available at < https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/>. [3], China,[4][5][6][7] France,[8][9][10][11] Germany,[8][9] the United Kingdom,[12][13] Russia,[14][15][16] India,[17][18][19] and Pakistan[20][21][22] are also developing military-grade directed-energy weapons, while Iran[23][24][25][26] and Turkey claim to have them in active service. [25]"Electromagnetic Weapons: Come Fry with Me," The Economist, January 30, 2003, at http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2003/030130-ebomb01.htm (March 15, 2006). Vigilant Eagle is a ground-based airport defense system that directs high-frequency microwaves towards any projectile that is fired at an aircraft. But again, there are major advances in these areas being made especially with the technology that has been developing in the electric car industry. We proved that the technology could be effective, but its size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements made the laser weapons impracticable to field. In an electrolaser, twin laser beams create an ionized channel inside the atmosphere, which conducts electricity. In this case, the enemy would be required to totally replace entire systems, facilities, and hardware if it was to regain any degree of operational status.9. Directed energy weapons, such as lasers and microwaves, had enjoyed an exotic aura. 11 Megan Eckstein, Navy to Field High-Energy Laser Weapon, Laser Dazzler on Ships This Year as Development Continues, USNI News, May 30, 2019. One problem that affects laser beam strength is a phenomenon known as "blooming," which occurs when the laser beam heats the atmosphere through which it is passing, turning the air into plasma. [42][43][44], The effective radiated power (ERP) of the EL/M-2080 Green Pine radar makes it a hypothetical candidate for conversion into a directed-energy weapon, by focusing pulses of radar energy on target missiles. They hurt and kill with electromagnetic power. As with all new weapons, the DOD General Counsel reviews each DEW for compliance with international and U.S. laws before the Pentagon is allowed to field it. But again, advances in computational power coming out of the gaming industry (such as graphics processing units) and artificial intelligence coming from autonomous automobile development can be instrumental in providing these needed capabilities. Microwave electromagnetic weapons can also stun a victim. DefenseNews in their coverage of the March 2018 Booz Allen Hamilton/CSBA Directed Energy Summit in Washington highlighted the remark by Colonel Dennis Wille, the Army G3 strategic program chief for U.S. Army Europe, that over the weekend the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment (supported by the 7th Army Training Command and the Fires Center of Excellence at Fort Sill, Oklahoma) had conducted a live-fire engagement of the 5kW Mobile Expeditionary High-Energy Laser demonstrator at the Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany. High-energy lasers (HEL) can range from a few kilowatts to megawatts of average power. The historian Mary Fulbrook states, "The subsequent serious illnesses and premature deaths of dissidents such as the novelist Jrgen Fuchs, and the author of the critical analysis of 'The Alternative in Eastern Europe', Rudolf Bahro, have been linked by some to the suspicion of exposure to extraordinarily high and sustained levels of X-rays while waiting for interrogations, and being strapped to unpleasant chairs in small prison cells in front of mysterious closed boxes- boxes that, along with their mysterious apparatus, curiously disappeared after the collapse of the SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany) system. ", Press release, "Airborne Laser Progress Continues as Northrop Grumman Runs Full-Power COIL Tests, Delivers Beacon Illuminator Laser," Northrop Grumman Corporation, January 4, 2006, at, SPG Media, "ABL YAL 1A Airborne Laser, USA," at, Press release, "Boeing Receives Aircraft for Laser Gunship Program," Boeing, January 23, 2006, at. There are numerous pathways and entry points through which microwave energy can penetrate electronic systems. The THEL system uses radar to detect and track incoming targets. First, the choice of a lasers wavelength can help to mitigate the affect because different laser wavelengths perform much better in the atmosphere than others. The Beacon Illuminator Laser system, which measures and corrects for atmospheric distortion, has also been shipped to Boeing for testing. In a much more dramatic application, the recently released Missile Defense Review (MDR), the first update to U.S. Missile Defense Strategy in nearly a decade, delivers a visionary plan to protect the United States from ever-intensifying threats around the world. As they become smaller, DEW weapons will first be vehicle-mounted and then possibly man-portable. According to DOD's Joint Publication 3-13 Electronic Warfare, directed energy (DE) is described as an; umbrella term covering technologies that produce a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. For instance, the Active Denial System was not ready for deployment when the United States invaded Iraq, in part because the money was not there. These lasers, combined with significant improvements in computational power, represent dramatic advances in technology over those used in the Airborne Laser program. These systems of missile defense are expected to come online no sooner than the mid to late-2020s. The Phaser | December 6, 2022 Q NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2022. What exactly is a directed energy weapon? Paired with a microwave generator, an EPFCG could produce an ultrashort, intense microwave burst. Within that priority area, the Army is focused on the use of high energy lasers to provide Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) and ManeuverShort-Range Air Defense (M-SHORAD). In effect, the United States would have provided stealth-like capability to entire fleets of aircraft. For example, when deployed, the anti-ballistic missile Airborne Laser will cost approximately $1,000 per shot. However, the Army felt the fixed-base laser system was too large and cut funding for the program after the demonstration phase. Directed energy weapons could have several main advantages over conventional weaponry: Some devices are described as microwave weapons; the microwave range is commonly defined as being between 300MHz and 300GHz (wavelengths of 1 meter to 1 millimeter), which is within the radiofrequency (RF) range. With the ever-increasing use of electronics in weapons systems, HPM devices could have a devastating but nonlethal effect on the battlefield. [10], Once tracked by the TILL, the BILL measures the atmospheric distortion between the COIL and the missile. Are these weapons still science fiction, lab experiments, or are they real? Because they were invented several decades ago, lasers are the most mature of the DEW technologies. By Henry Trey Obering, III [15]Colonel Craig Hughes, Office of Force Transformation, U.S. Department of Defense, "Re-directed Energy: the Tactical Relay Mirror System," presentation at The Heritage Foundation, Washington, D.C., February 13, 2006. In this manner someone could be debilitated even though they were no longer imprisoned. Directed-energy weapons can be used discreetly; radiation does not generate sound and is invisible if outside the visible spectrum. Mounted on properly shielded aircraft or ships, or dropped in single-use "e-bombs," HPM weapons could destroy enemy radars, anti-aircraft installations, and communications and computer networks and even defend against incoming anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles. The full system will be fitted to the aircraft by 2007 and test-fired against ground targets. [88], Media related to Directed-energy weapons at Wikimedia Commons, This article is about real uses of directed energy weapons. Discrete, mission-aligned efforts will maintain our pace of development in the race to get these technologies to the field. It is relatively close to deployment. But by far, the most ambitious program underway in DOD is being led by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). Development of the THEL began in 1996 as a joint program between the United States and Israel to develop a laser system capable of shooting down Katyusha rockets, artillery, and mortar shells. Alane Kochems Lasers produce narrow, single-frequency (i.e., single-color), coherent beams of light that are much more powerful than ordinary light sources. - The Navy continues to learn more about a pair of directed energy weapons, as the service installs the fourth and fifth dazzler system this year and begins land-based testing of . Laser light can be produced by a number of different methods, ranging from rods of chemically doped glass to energetic chemical reactions to semiconductors. Directed energy weapons could also play a key role in defending against what has been described as the number one threat to the United States by the Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Dr. Mike Griffinhypersonic weapons. The manufacturer states that the weapon can disrupt remote control, the transmission of video at 2.4 and 5 GHz, and GPS and Glonass satellite navigation signals. Vection and motion sickness can also occur. Finally, the concept of destroy involves the ability to inflict catastrophic and permanent injury on the enemy functions and systems. The countries abandoned particle-beam weapon research as impracticable.[3]. These high-speed missiles fly at Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound) and greater. [65], The Central Intelligence Agency informed Secretary Henry Kissinger that it had twelve reports of Soviet forces using laser weapons against Chinese forces during the 1969 Sino-Soviet border clashes, though William Colby doubted that they had actually been employed. Authors: [59][60] He and colleague Arnold Wilkins quickly concluded that it was not feasible, but as a consequence suggested using radio for the detection of aircraft and this started the development of radar in Britain. The full system will be fitted to the aircraft by 2007 and test-fired against ground targets. They are real and are maturing rapidly. [24] Would the permanent blinding of a soldier struck by a ZM-87's laser beam be considered intentional or accidental? These weapons were considered for both land and space-based systems. For high energy lasers, lethality depends on the power output of the laser, the purity and concentration of the light (beam quality), the target range, the ability to keep the laser on the target aimpoint (jitter control and tracking), and the atmospheric environment the laser traverses to the target. Design specifications are already being determined. However, Boeing has been somewhat successful with the Boeing YAL-1 and Boeing NC-135, the first of which destroyed two missiles in February 2010. When using laser weapons, the warfighters will need new situational awareness and battle management tools because of the potential long-range effects to avoid friendly systems fratricide. [79][80] At the time, the Soviet Union was concerned that the shuttle was being used as a reconnaissance platform. (Invented by Max Steenbeck at Siemens-Schuckert in the 1930s, these were later called Betatrons by the Americans.) This causes the beam to lose focus, dissipating its power. Funding has been cut to both of the programs. Types and magnitudes of exposure to electromagnetic fields are unknown.[78]. A DE weapon is a system using DE primarily as a direct means to disable, damage or destroy adversary equipment, facilities, and personnel. 00:38. While not a rifle or gun, it is so nicknamed as it is handled in the same way as a personal rifle. [23]Press release, "Northrop Grumman Surpasses Power, Run-Time Requirements of Joint High Power Solid-State Laser Program for Military Use," Northrop Grumman Corporation, November 9, 2005, at http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=89438 (March 15, 2006). In the later phases of World War II, Nazi Germany increasingly put its hopes on research into technologically revolutionary secret weapons, the Wunderwaffe. , 2019, available at . But with laser weapons, instead of thinking in terms of a laser pointer, the mental image should be more like a powerful, long-range blowtorch! 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