to what degree was antebellum reform international in scopeto what degree was antebellum reform international in scope

Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Moral reform groups promoted temperance, or abstinence from alcohol. By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. Kentucky Congressional representative Henry Clay argued for colonization because of the unconquerable prejudice against blacks in the United States. Gender The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". A popularized outlook by way of revivals. \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. Soon after, the movement disintegrated. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. The White Americans still wanted public white only area. Give Me Liberty! ) In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. Pace of Life Preference by Gender. Named after Thomas More's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a perfect society. - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. Women played a large role in education reform. In many cases, within the Garrisonian movement in particular, the role of the black speaker or the black writer or the black abolitionist was, in some ways, prescribed, as the famous case of Frederick Douglass' relationship with the Garrisionians. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. \text{Employee Payroll Expense}&& 3,000,000\\ A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. After the conspiracy was quelled, white Charlestonians accused black congregations of the same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible. Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ They were subsequently executed. The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ \end{array} Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. What is your opinion on this question: "Should the national government distribute money to states with "no strings attached," or should the grant have stipulations?" Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ The womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the antebellum era. \text{Land}& \$ 500,000 &\$ 400,000\\ In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. Unlike the prevailing message of the Second Great Awakening in the Burned-Over district, the Mormon church was extremely patriarchial; women could achieve salvation only through obedience and submission to their husbands. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. \end{array} Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. Consolidated Balance Sheets Everyone was eligible for salvation, and a loving God embraced all. 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. Consider the following sample data. Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. \text{Net Income}&& \$ 4,400,000\\ Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. utopian communities (p. 434) \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed. Legal. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. For some women, church membership and the new Christian message offered more personal power and greater personal freedom, as becoming active in the church was considered to be acceptable feminine conduct. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Learn about temperance and abolition and . The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . Antebellum reform was international in scope . In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" Like many religious movements of the day, Mormons believed in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org.

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