hide caption. So, when I received the shot, we went into a heat room," Paul said. CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta. Edgewood Arsenal MKULTRA Lawsuit Larry Scott has been all over this betrayal. Josephs enlisted in the military fresh out of high school at the height of the Vietnam War. Naval Training Center in Bainbridge, Md. A classified report entitled "Psychochemical Warfare: A New Concept of War" was produced in 1949 by Luther Wilson Greene, Technical Director of the Chemical and Radiological Laboratories at Edgewood. "And that's what I have problems with today. The 1945 Edgewood Arsenal explosion killed twelve munitions workers and injured more than fifty on May 25, 1945. "[5] This was alarming enough to a Harvard psychiatrist, E. James Lieberman, that he published an article entitled "Psychochemicals as Weapons" in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 1962. . A diagnosed medical condition they think is a direct result of taking part in an Army chem/bio substance testing program. The class-action lawsuit was filed by Vietnam Veterans of America, Swords to Plowshares and individual veterans seeking medical care for troops who participated in the programs at Edgewood Arsenal and Fort Detrick in Maryland. Edgewood Arsenal was a classified US army facility in Maryland where recruits were subjected to sarin, VX, teargas, LSD and PCP. As a result, at least one class action lawsuit has been filed against the Defense Department and Department of Veteran Affairs, with the hope of, at the very least, getting . The Edgewood Arsenal continued to produce chemical agents and countermeasures in case they became necessary. All rights reserved. Rochelle, 60, who has come back to live in Onslow county, said in an interview that there were about two dozen volunteers . 2023 Cable News Network. According to a CNN report that aired in March 2012, from 1955 to 1975 more than 7,000 soldiers each spent two months at Edgewood Arsenal, where they were exposed to as many 250 different chemical and biological agents as part of secret medical experiments. Naval Research Laboratory Blisters that eventually increased to the size of half dollar coins started to grow in the same places. The VA created a list of illnesses that are linked to mustard gas exposure such as skin cancer, leukemia and chronic breathing problems. The heart of the film is interviews with a group of veterans who participated in the testing program, mostly during the Vietnam War era. But NPR interviewed veterans who met both of those requirements and have still been denied for years sometimes decades as the VA continues to request more information and proof. Finally, from 1962 to 1972, a total of 123 irritant chemicals were tested on only two subjects each exposed using a wind tunnel (NRC 1984). 2. It is not known how many soldiers may be experiencing long-tem health problems because of their participation in the U.S. Army medical experiments at Edgewood Arsenal. "Until we actually got into the process of being in that room and realized, wait a minute, we can't get out of here.". 1942-1945: U.S. Navy initiated poisonous Mustard Gas and Lewisite (derivative of arsenic) experiments to test protective clothing and anti-blister ointments at the Naval Research Laboratory and at the Army's Edgewood Arsenal. Initially, such studies focused solely on the lethality of the gases and its treatment and prevention. Congressional hearings into these experiments in 1974 and 1975 resulted in disclosures, notification of subjects as to the nature of their chemical exposures, and ultimately to compensation for a few families of subjects who had died during the experiments (NAS 1993). 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The soldiers deposition also stated that participants were given no warnings about side effects or potential long-term health risks that might be associated with the experiments. Everyone I have dealt with at your firm has been very professional and courteous. Oakland, CA: A Veterans disability class action lawsuit has been filed on behalf of several Veterans Affairs associations including Vietnam Veterans of America as well as individual Vietnam. Many official government reports and civilian lawsuits followed in the wake of the controversy. By the early 1950s, Edgewood Arsenal, which became part of the larger complex at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, produced numerous biological agents, developed protective equipment and prophylactic treatments, and shaped US combat policy and practice.In the aftermath of WWII tensions between the US and the USSR prompted scientists, military officials, and policy advisors to increase the number of . The chemical agents tested on volunteers included chemical warfare agents and other related agents:[1]. Erspamer said the government has reached very few of the 7,000 or so Edgewood veterans, and the VA has turned down almost all Edgewood-related health claims. It was like a plum assignment, Josephs said. v. Central Intelligence Agency, et al. There is no VA environmental health registry associated with Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests. Decades after the U.S. Army used soldiers to test the effects of potent chemical and biological warfare agents - including some prohibited by the Geneva Protocol - it has begun notifying veterans. Building 509 at Edgewood Arsenal in Harford County, Maryland was a production facility for the assembly of phosphorus igniter assemblies for incendiary bombs, employing a female staff of about 135 assemblers. Bollinger gave up appealing VA rejections in 1994, after four years of traveling back and forth 30 miles to a VA office office in Pittsburgh. The court granted the plaintiffs partial summary judgment concerning the notice claim: summarily adjudicating in plaintiffs' favor, finding that "the Army has an ongoing duty to warn" and ordering "the Army, through the DVA or otherwise, to provide test subjects with newly acquired information that may affect their well-being that it has learned since its original notification, now and in the future as it becomes available". They ranged from potentially lethal nerve gases like VX and sarin to incapacitating agents like BZ. If a page cannot be made accessible, we will work to make a text version available. Boxes of medical records his and those of other veterans fill the attic, along with handwritten notes and appeals to the VA. Original photo: Courtesy of Charlie Cavell This kind of behavior toward our veterans would not be allowed to happen, Erspamer said. I was pregnant with my daughter while there, this was also when they were digging up old cluster bombs while excavating to build some new buildings, the same time the commander was indicted from the environmental agency, the same time they found out the water was not suitable for consumption. "But we have done everything that we could do, I definitely believe that.". A deliberate destruction of evidence and files documenting their illegal actions, actions which were punctuated by fraud, deception, and a callous disregard for the value of human life. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratorieswhich is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. According to the class action lawsuit filed on behalf of Edgewood Arsenal veterans, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), despite having actively participated in the experiments, has denied between 97% and 99% of all disability or death claims arising out of the exposures. A failure to secure informed consent and other widespread failures to follow the precepts of U.S. and international law regarding the use of human subjects, including the 1953 Wilson Directive and the Nuremberg Code. The tests evaluated protective equipment like gas masks and suits. [9] The safety record of the Edgewood Arsenal experiments was also defended in the memoirs of psychiatrist and retired colonel James Ketchum, a key scientist:[18]. CampBell's Complaint says that after execution of the real estate contract between McGill and the Abrahams, "on October 27, 2020, Sherry Abraham, acting as an Edgewood Town Councilor, filed an Emergency Motion to Intervene in the McGill lawsuit (D-101-CV-2020-00328).". "And as far as the secretary and I are concerned, we're about to do right by them.". You believed in your government. You can't hardly walk, and your mind is going so many different directions," Paul said. This incapacitating agent would be dispersed by standard munitions, and the agent would enter the building through all nonprotected openings, the films narrator boasts. He was asked "Did you have pain every time you took a breath? For more information, fill out our online contact form or call 1-800-YOURLAWYER (1-800-968-7529). Left: U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Agency; Right: Naval Research Laboratory The document acknowledges his participation in mustard gas experiments. The testing took place at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland from 1955 through 1975. "This should have been ancient history by now," he told NPR. You couldn't get out," he says. The Maj. Richard Star Act would eliminate the dollar-for-dollar offset on retirement pay that combat-disabled vets with less Capt. "That's me" he said pointing to a younger version of himself. She has been an editor at Military Times for 20 years, covering issues that affect service members. Some of the volunteers exhibited certain symptoms at the time of exposure to these agents. In 1988, Cavell requested copies of his records from the experiments he was in at the Naval Research Laboratory. ", Flohr tells NPR his agency has followed federal statutes in its handling of claims for mustard gas exposure. 1, "Anticholinesterases and Anticholinergics", Vol. Tim Josephs arrived at Edgewood Arsenal in 1968, he knew there was something different about the place. Of those involved in the experiments: Most of these experiments involved tests of protective equipment and of subjects' ability to perform military tasks during exposure. The Army colonel had no regrets about the experiments and believed he was acting in the best interests of the nation as it faced a Cold War threat. soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal, or to other "volunteers" under contract to the Edgewood Arsenal, were not disclosed. If I go to a locked door, I panic sometimes to try to get out.". Declassified military films show soldiers being given drugs and then being monitored to see their impacts. NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) A top-secret military program treated active-duty U.S. soldiers like they were guinea pigs according to a class action lawsuit that shed light on what happened. Did you encounter any technical issues? There were instances of chemical damages to the car. The experiments involved at least 254 chemical substances, but focused mainly on midspectrum incapacitants, such as LSD, THC derivatives, benzodiazepines, and BZ. I can continue by saying I filed an approximately 80 page document to the veteran's administration about my claims and kept getting blown off; resubmitted, blown off. Relics from Nat Schnurman's activism still decorate the family home where his wife, Joy (pictured, far right), lives. He showed a black and white photo of a large group of soldiers in front of a sign "Medical Volunteers.". Josephs left the service when his three-year tour ended, and he began a career as a real estate agent. If you or someone you love were a victim of these experiments, we urge you to contact Parker Waichman LLP today to protect your legal rights. Fed the "F" up. Josephs says he now takes two dozen pills daily. 8:56 AM EST, Thu March 1, 2012. The Army is required to provide medical care to veterans who took part in classified Army testing of chemical and biological substances decades ago, officials say. "Health Effects from Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Weapons", Vol. Edgewood Arsenal Medical Experiments Compensation. He said the group was told they would help test military equipment like gas masks. The club operated from approximately the 1920s until sometime not long after the Arsenal was combined with Aberdeen Proving Ground in 1971. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing and pharmaceuticals. With regard specifically to BZ and related compounds, the IOM study concluded that "available data suggest that long-term toxic effects and/or delayed sequellae are unlikely". These agents are still used today as antidotes to organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning, including accidental poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides. "About 7,000 soldiers took part in the experiments that involved exposures to more than 250 chemicals," it stated. Your email will only be used if a response is needed. To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps. While early experiments with marijuana and LSD get plenty of discussion, much of the long-term damage seems to result from experimentation with the powerful incapacitating agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, commonly known as BZ. Each year more of their stories die with them. 1. They also compared the relative sensitivity of soldiers, including tests designed to look for racial difference. I am convinced that it is possible, by means of the techniques of psychochemical warfare, to conquer an enemy without the wholesale killing of his people or the mass destruction of his property.[2]. Paul was serving at Fort Bliss in Texas in 1968, when he volunteered for what he thought would be an easy assignment. Mr. Zekowski is always on top of his game. If you dont, youre going to jail. After NPR's inquiry, the VA told NPR there was enough evidence to grant his claims. Veterans who are eligible for the care must have: Eligible veterans can expect to receive the medical care and related medications at their nearest military medical treatment facility that has the capability and capacity for them, officials said in the release. But Bollinger says he wouldn't go back to the agency after the way he was treated there. Some gave up out of frustration. Inside the chamber, Cavell's skin started to turn red and burn in the places where he sweat the most: between his legs, behind his neck and under his arms. He is very knowledgeable about the law and extremely professional. "The doctor said, 'we're giving this test to see it in a warmer climate.' VA decides these claims on a case-by-case basis. The "Independent Study Course" cites mainly a three-volume study by the Institute of Medicine (19821985) for its data and conclusions, Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents. On July 24, 2013, United States District Court Judge Claudia Wilken issued an order granting in part and denying in part plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment and granting in part and denying in part defendants' motion for summary judgment. A lawsuit brought by a veterans advocacy group, Vietnam Veterans of America, resulted in the requirement that the Army give medical care to eligible veterans who took part in testing that supported U.S. chemical and biological programs, Army Medical Command officials said in a release this week. You will now be able to tab or arrow up or down through the submenu options to access/activate the submenu links. This top secret Cold War research program initially looked for ways to defend against a chemical or biological attack by the Soviet Union, thought to be far ahead of the United States in psycho-chemical warfare. The plaintiffs collectively referred to themselves as the "Test Vets". He filed a federal lawsuit for compensation in 1979, but was unsuccessful because of a legal doctrine that protects the military from being sued for service-related injuries. While the soldiers were given the option to decline the drug testing, there were innuendos of bad punishments if they did not participate, the former soldier said, according to CNN. They decided to live in the country. I feel like in my heart there's a lot of guys out there that went through the same thing I did," Paul said. Lasting from 1950 to 1975, the experiments took place at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. NPR Photo Editor Ariel Zambelich and reporters Christopher Groskopf, Jani Actman and Lydia Emmanouilidou also contributed to this story. "This is not an easy, not a simple thing," Flohr says. Over a period of 20 years, more than 7,000 volunteers spent an estimated total of 14,000 months at Edgewood Arsenal. Edgewood Chemical Activity is a chemical-weapons depot located at APG. And in this case I'm afraid the answer is not yet. "There was no identifying information," he says. All Rights Reserved. The claims process has also been complicated by Department of Defense claims that it cannot find records to substantiate most of the veterans participation in the tests, causing the VA to summarily deny those claims, the lawsuit alleges. Two TV documentaries, with different content but confusingly similar titles were broadcast: In 2012, the Edgewood/Aberdeen experiments were featured on CNN and in, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 16:44. From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland. The lawsuit sought for the veterans to be notified about what substances they had received and be provided medical coverage. "I'm glad to be talking to you about it. The prior finding held that the Army has an ongoing duty to seek out and provide "notice" to former test participants of any new information that could potentially affect their health. VA offers a variety of health care benefits to eligible Veterans. [1] The experiments were abruptly terminated by the Army in late 1975 amidst an atmosphere of scandal and recrimination as lawmakers accused researchers of questionable ethics. hide caption. Courtesy of Edgewood Arsenal Call: 988 (Press 1), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420. "I don't think there's an explanation for why this program wasn't more successful," Goss says. And in 2010, the VA announced it would review 90,000 previously denied Agent Orange claims. The NRC report also mentions human experiments involving exposure of 741 soldiers to LSD (NRC 1984). To my knowledge, not one of them died or suffered a serious illness or permanent injury. Expert meeting report. Veterans who became Army guinea pigs for secret drug and chemical experiments are suing the VA, the CIA and the Defense Department. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, To enter and activate the submenu links, hit the down arrow. Josephs has not received any health benefits related to his time as a human test subject at Edgewood. Attention A T users. Other times it was a pill, Josephs told CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta. They gave him such high doses that he in the vernacular, he flipped out. A Defense Department Form 214 or War Department discharge/separation form or the functional equivalent. After a stint at a defense company in Tennessee, Carl Gepp got a job in 1965 as an engineer working on the Honest John missile back at the Edgewood Arsenal. The test subjects who are still alive are now in their 80s and 90s. Sometimes, he has trouble swallowing. It just did not look like a military base, more like a hospital, recalled Josephs, a Pittsburgh native. The military also tested tear gas, barbiturates, tranquilizers, narcotics and hallucinogens like LSD. They want to use young men as guinea pigs and throw them away., The Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs declined face-to-face interviews with CNN, citing pending litigation. See Vietnam Veterans II, 811 F.3d at 1076-78 (discussing the Army's failure in its ongoing "duty to warn" Edgewood Arsenal volunteers under AR 70-25), 1080-81 (discussing the Army's failure in its "duty of care" to Edge-wood Arsenal volunteers under AR 70-25); see also Vi-etnam Veterans I, 2013 WL 6092031, at *2 (explaining . Health Care "It just did not look like a military base, more. Some of the volunteers exhibited symptoms at the time of exposure to these agents but long-term follow-up was not planned as part of the DoD studies. 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