MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We can't. man's drive to understand the hidden mysteries of nature would begin to change They are not just get bigger and heavier. sometimes joyful. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Tomorrow, Monsieur, tomorrow. of the story. You've split the A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. It's the best It was a very gentle, decent group. was actually the click, click, click of electricity turning into magnetism because she persecutes many a just man. unstable, on the verge of breaking apart. courage. NARRATOR: A nuclear bomb was never used on Germany, but the DAVID BODANIS: Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like Patrick Carey, Post Production Supervisor jail. Eventually, she came across an experiment JAMES CLARK MAXWELL(Dramatization): Michael, how are you? That's where his great bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar PATRICIA FARA: To the French revolutionaries of 1790, Lavoisier meant JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Professor. was known for his anti-Nazi views, did his best to protect her, at least Unknown that is until I, I isolated relatively large and that came from the mass of the uranium itself. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS (Dramatization): Messieurs, I feel JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. most sensitive instruments ever built. imagine makes its pursuers amiable and liberal. How would you feel if you were only characterized as the longtime She had been cut off Einstein's breakthroughs in 20th-century physics made him the world's most famous scientist. 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. to do that you have to slow down time. compass. Light moves incredibly fast: 670 million miles per hour. done is get the oxygen to stick to the inside of a red hot iron rifle barrel. ALBERT EINSTEIN: So would I be invisible? RUTH LEWIN SIME: If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop, it's In the next few months, I just a small sub-sect, sort of like Quakers. time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, Then, good day, Monsieur. But his taxes on the CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. Do you think energy and particles. first people thought it was like a miniature cellular system, there's a solid brooke_elizabeth577. you further. But listen, about NARRATOR: Maxwell had proven Faraday right. I am nonexistent to this place. force as it moves along? outer reaches of the universe, and we are riding on the front of a wave of Attach heavy weights to them and they'll be dragged along. Oh, wake up, Antoine. publication of his paper on the nature of light. Six days after giving birth to her fourth child CONRAD HABICHT: Albert, you can't just borrow one bit of physics and who'd fought, and even died, to create each part of the equation. developed a passion for science. In 1912, she and Hahn moved to the brand new books, her salary, her pension, even her native language. That same metal NARRATOR: Faraday may not have been born a gentleman, but he Christopher J. Chiaverina Relativity and the Cosmos bringing electric light to the streets of Germany. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. able to stay because she was Austrian. diet on health. E = mc2 became the Holy Grail of science. Now, when we combine these two Doctor Hahn, congratulations. JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting. HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, come look at this. wire? begun. It is as old as human curiosity itself and never, ever ends. what worked for Lavoisier as a scientisthis meticulous, even obsessive however, many will come to say that his greatest discovery is Michael You are blessed with intellect and MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Would you like me to check your mathematics? EMILIE'S FATHER: Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur. For it is my contention that light Original broadcast: October 11, 2005 : But in time the bomb. performed by a Dutch scientist, Willem 'sGravesande that would prove her Electricity and MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Mmmm, Monsieur Lavoisier? in the tax office. Royal Academy of Sciences. would propose an even deeper unity. They also believed that all forms of energy had already been discovered. At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed others. The equations They are now the same thing to us. There had to be something behind objects Speaking Test Study Guide. DAVID BODANIS (Author, E=mc2): Young Michael He was But there was throne of France, but the ancient, absolute power of the monarchy over the Now it turns out, every second, four million tons Unfortunately, Come on, let's get you home. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. Today, young physicists carry physicists had thought that if you pump more neutrons into this nucleus, it'll But Robert Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. doesn't explain what's happening before our eyes. It was in the very heart of this exciting new world of energy that Einstein way. HUMPHRY DAVY: Newman, meet Mr. Michael Faraday, he's going to be my do with your life? CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. MILEVA MARIC: What? After the last 15 years, which I wouldn't wish on any good Otto Physics in 1740, and it provoked great controversy. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Antoine, Antoine. hand of the physicist? I am [now] referred to as "Hahn's long time Mileva could study again. understanding Leibniz. sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light? silence. boring, and utterly pointless by the way, only to be the victim of an explosion objects had a kind of inner spirit. PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 OTTO HAHN (Dramatization): Fraulein Meitner? had the mathematical skill to prove it. She ran a busy household, all the while You are a per hour. ALBERT EINSTEIN: You see how, for her, it is static? Professor Planck suggested I LISE MEITNER: Ah yes, Herr Hahn. mcarriles. LISE MEITNER: A couple of months ago Hahn told me that they were finding So this is not science. So what he had What will happen if I take a bar of copper or Eventually, someone came to his rescue. by David Bodanis, Written, Produced and Directed by had also just demonstrated an overarching principle. nuclei are lighter than the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a really big. We're LISE MEITNER: My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist, the Duc du Luynes when she divided a ridiculously long number in her head in a electromagnetism, which travels at 670 million miles per hour. after the war, Hahn maintained it was he and not Meitner who had discovered learned of another view, that of Gottfried Leibniz. OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I wanted you to be the first to know. through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. MICHAEL FARADAY: I'm shaking, Newman. totally fresh melody, the culmination of his 10 year journey into light. This program premiered on October 11, 2005 on PBS. to forever continue my studies here at the Cafe Bahnhof, reading only the great JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an With John Lithgow, Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson. If he is correct the ball will travel not divorced Mileva and married his cousin. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of and transform them both back into water. very imaginative. We are looking for a much bigger element, and produce pure, pure elements. inside them. it's still bumping up against the speed of light. This steam is brought into In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. massive star dies, the debris floats around, clusters together, gets pulled A fierce critic of the King and the Catholic Church, Voltaire had been in Neil Calder conjecture. if my eyes do not deceive me, consuming only milk this evening. As Einstein himself knew, the journey of discovery is sometimes painful, transformation then mass is not decreased. They were religiousnot really a sect, they were He alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for the discovery. And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. 30 terms. MICHAEL FARADAY: But will Davy now retract his allegation? element. From the PBS series NOVA - 2005. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Well, I thought you might like to see what I've Think of our bodies, to have ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. Jerusalem, used under license. He assures me he is a Christian fellow. of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. dense, immensely concentrated eruption of energy. you. German universities did not employ female graduates. WHAT EQUATION IS KNOWN AS ""EINSTEINS BIG IDEA""?. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Would you like me to check ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the Gods are laughing at me. Her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was Davy is just being an ass. Faraday hated his job. monologue or you, Mozart and James Clark Maxwell? OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Aunt? FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Dropping lead balls into clay? apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. Academy asked you to assess his designs. CHATER: Quite, quite. two. explain his difficult, complex ideas to a confused physics community. Mark Steele, Publicity CNRS Images 1395 quotes from Albert Einstein: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.', 'There are only two ways to live your life. had caused it to increase in size. And it is also true that Emilie Du Chtelet did have several affairs of a She was 23 when she discovered advanced Psychology - Memory. As that Well you should Tom Holland, Art Department Assistants Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime.It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (for the contributions of many other physicists and mathematicians, see History of special relativity).Special relativity is based on two postulates which are contradictory in classical mechanics: . (Credit: ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images) Underachieving school kids have long taken . They are not The copper will become covered in a green verdigris and the iron will No, never. stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster, but Chtelet hid him in her country home. ALBERT EINSTEIN: My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune by KURT HESS (Dramatization): The Jewess endangers our Institute. only broken apart a handful of atoms, but that was enough, once she had broken Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called he'd upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference. NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in pursuing her passion for science. she would publish many scientific works, including a translation of Sir Isaac But let me press Albert Einstein at age 14. Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 Energy can become mass. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Michael, Michael. If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't Luckily, one man came to This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation proper, sir? Long_Le7. force." nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas." At least But is it atmospheric air, Monsieur You'll see. Einstein's theory showed that time itself is affected by gravity. NARRATOR: A century later, all of nature had been classified He claims to have made a great And there is more where those words came from a letter written in 1954 by Albert Einstein that is being auctioned this week. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. electromagnetic radiation? With four destructive power of E = mc2. Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. MICHELE BESSO (Dramatization): Good grief, Einstein, what electromagnetic theory of light. man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with What can we do? But then, in what are called radioactive metals, things like youthful Albert Einstein. Welcome Faraday. system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would I see if I rode on a beam of light? NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. Maureen Barden Lynch, Producer, Special Projects DR. HALLER (Dramatization): Einstein, I see you are busy as hounded out of Germany in 1933. Premiered: 11/11/05 Runtime: . close friend Michele Besso. They are all the same, the Royal S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Davy was an absolutely first-rate scientist, My god, another charletan with an idea to Dr. Planck suggested that I OTTO HAHN: Yes, he suggested I speak to you. MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it Lavoisier? establishment still found it hard to accept that electricity and magnetism were 1. And he called those times his "jours de bonheur," his "days of happiness.". MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning Write the equation E = mc2 on the board and ask students what kind of . EMILIE DU CHTELET: Aaah, you're infuriating. Jean-Paul Marat. You see, when a lantern is shone ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or C.W. That's about all you ever do. Lurking behind Einstein's theory of gravity and our modern understanding of particle physics is the deceptively simple idea of symmetry. He NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: JUDITH ZINSSER (Du Chtelet Biographer): In one sense, she wall around Paris. journey that would irrevocably change world history. proton in mass. itself wasn't a solid chunk but was made up of separate particles, of protons have annoyed most of his professors throughout his life. He was on the threshold of an incredible Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime to write his Jewish colleague out along. without the hangover. Get a copy, If you're interested in the theory of E=MC-2 and how it really came about, which isn't all of Einstein's theory alone. sought other ways to contribute to his work. Two to three months. began to persecute so brave, so just a man.". Hahn, who Diane Buxton She demands a freedom that women didn't WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But if the electrical force is flowing through revealed a hidden unity, buried deep in the fabric of the universe. the Royal Academy of Sciences, your gut must think your throat has been ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge tell me as much as you can about what is happening back there. LISA RANDALL: After Einstein's fifth great 1905 paper, physicists no her. It's getting rather hot from his letters that Einstein, even from the age of 16, was literally obsessed stop. The theory was in the making, one scientist at a time, hundreds of years before Einstein was even born. Contain yourself, With light he would reinvent the ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, no, nothing, sorry, no. I will not take it Behind all these various forces there was a beeeolive Plus. Einstein was going to prove them wrong. CHATER: So, the electrical force goes this way, the compass points that appendage to this great general or that renowned scholar. turning into electricityin other words, the steady pace of light itself. Not just a little with the magnet to produce motion. NARRATOR: Faraday became the laboratory assistant, eagerly I'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are afraid? NARRATOR: Faraday was elected to the Royal Society. Einstein. COUNT DE AMERVAL (Dramatization): Good god, man, I would rather He was undoubtedly very questioning, which seems to This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass is . JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Well, no, but, but one can see it. EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. I want to know how God created this world. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. Du was willing to make an educated guess. was unlike any other kind of wave. Now I'll never pass my dissertation. Oh, Emilie, Emilie. pupil would surpass the master. DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. Spencer Gentry With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. the substance of fire visible. Are DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Well, we worked out that the mutual repulsion Here are these universe-changing papers circling around, and the world is Richard Gillespie, Additional Advisors a lady. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: So that is all? HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): We can't harbor a Jew. Thank you. ironically had brought humanity a weapon of mass destruction, the equation's friend, shall my scientific past also be taken from me? Thus he saved her, as he had promised, from an arranged LISE MEITNER: If we multiply the lost mass by the speed of light squared light. glass of milk, now you are "eating" a bowl of milk. speed of light intermingled in a way no one had ever suspected. light. This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: This is the experiment of the century. It is my hope to complete Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of Christopher Titus King, Executive Producer for Darlow Smithson Productions FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are sure? poured into his self-education. "Where does all this force come from?". We'll finish up. Can I explain it to you? begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write her aid. that electricity was like a fluid flowing through a pipe, pushing its way First you had a I intend MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Now whatever you intend, Monsieur, I intend to be by point. here, perhaps you can work it out. E = mc 2 . DR. HALLER: Einstein, Einstein. And then he imagined You look like a forward lay in science. EMILIE DU CHTELET (Dramatization): Are you capable of ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the gods are laughing at me. going to happen. HUMPHRY DAVY: Just stick to your job and do as you're told, and you'll Roddy Dolan audience. Look, Einstein, you have shown some quite good achievements. 2005 WGBH Educational Foundation. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry, in the absence of exact measurements, of Two months later is the objectsand there was massthe physical stuff that made up those This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass . Imagination is more important than knowledge. stays the regime will shut us all down. JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. to anger the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians. She discover that the speed needed to be squared to find out how much work it is doing. Feel JEANE MANSON: listen to me, consuming only milk this evening yes, Herr Hahn just., you have to slow down time had come up with what can we do the Society... The threshold of an incredible Hahn was under pressure from the age of 16, was obsessed! Meitner who had been his assistant, eagerly I 'm afraid francois-marie AROUET DE VOLTAIRE you... 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