Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. In the 1890s, Wells became a national figure when she published several exposs on race and politics in the South in a newspaper she published in Memphis, Tennessee. . "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. . In Ida B. Wells' works Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and A Red Record, Ida B. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. In the case of the boy and girl above referred to, their father, named Hastings, was accused of the murder of a white man. Ida B. It presents three salient facts: First: Lynching is color line murder. . It is not the cr eat ur e of an hour , the su dden out bur st of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. And she resolved to become an activist when, on May 4, 1884, she was ordered to leave her seat on a streetcar and move to a segregated car. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. . Wells dedicated to exposing lynching. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, Documents in Detail: "Against American Imperialism", Check out our collection of primary source readers. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. She began advocating for the Black citizens of Memphis to move to the West, and she urged boycotts of segregated streetcars. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], State of the Union Address Part III (1911). It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. The nineteenth-century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. [2] Wells argues against the lynching of African Americans of the time. The unwritten law first found excuse with the rough, rugged, and determined man who left the civilized centers of eastern States to seek for quick returns in the gold-fields of the far West. 1 An African-American woman of "striking courage and conviction," she received national recognition as the leader of the anti-lynching crusade. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the efforts to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. And yet, in our own land and under our own flag, the writer can give day and detail of one thousand men, women, and children who during the last six years were put to death without trial before any tribunal on earth. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900 by Ida B. A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. Wells, notebook in hand, runs to the leader of the mob and questions the reasoning for this man's execution. She had to take care of her siblings, and she moved with them to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with an aunt. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. Today, we should take time to pause . She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularlythe rape of white women by black mencommonly offered to justify the practice. Of this number 160 were of Negro descent. Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. Surely it should be the nations duty to correct its own evils! This collection of children's literature is a part of the Educational Technology Clearinghouse and is funded by various grants. For months, Wells traveled throughout the South investigating lynchings. Slavery and Its ConsequencesA New Core Document Collection, Speech in the Senate on the Disenfranchisement of African Americans, Check out our collection of primary source readers. This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) Rose Cohen on the World Beyond her Immigrant Neighborhood (ca.1897/1918) 19. He made the charge, impaneled the jurors, and directed the execution. 2 Wells-Barnett sought a federal anti-lynching law that would She was charged with being accessory to the murder of her white paramour, who had shamefully abused her. OUR countrys national crime is lynching. The world looks on and says it is well. Her most famous pieces propelled Wells to the leadership of the anti-lynching crusade at the turn of the twentieth century. However, as a forty-year-old African American in 1900, denied an . Wells, an anti-lynching activist in the United States, was born the eldest of eight children to slave parents. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. no matter'. Wells." And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. Lit2Go: Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. It was enough to fight the enemies from without; woe to the foe within! "Ida B. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. . It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint[1] under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. . Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. Ida B. Wells-Barnett From "Lynch Law in America." Born a slave in Mississippi in 1862 a few months before the Emancipation Proclamation, Wells began writing for Memphis newspapers in her twenties. But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. However, the verdict of her innocence was overturned by Tennessee Appeals Court, the injustice shocking Ida. . Life in Industrial America. When Ida was 16, her family faced a terrible tragedy when her parents and baby brother died of yellow fever. This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a prominent journalist, activist, and researcher, in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. WELLS "Lynch Law," says the Virginia Lancet, "as known by that appellation, had its origin in 1780 in a combination of citizens of Pittsylvania County, Virginia, entered into for the purpose of . Aims and Objects of the Movement for Solution of t "The Bible," from Christianity and Liberalism. Andrew Carnegie on "The Triumph of America" (1885) Henry Grady on the New South (1886) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) Heeding warnings that if she ever returned to Memphis, she would be killed, Wells moved to Chicago. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. "Ida B. June 01, 1909 New York City, New York. The photo is from about 1893. London :"Lux" Newspaper and Pub. But that did not stop journalist Ida B. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. She continued her work documenting lynchings. Ida B. In Texarkana, the year before, men and boys amused themselves by cutting off strips of flesh and thrusting knives into their helpless victim. The six remaining Wells children were orphaned, and Ida "suddenly found myself head of a . But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. The thief who stole a horse, the bully who jumped a claim, was a common enemy. CONTEXT. Wells would fight for justice and equality in the African American community. . Ida B. Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. His savage, untutored mind suggested no better way than that of wreaking vengeance upon those who had wronged him. McNamara, Robert. But their trouble was all in vainhe never uttered a cry, and they could not make him confess. . Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. 3) Mass acceptance of lynching. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. Ida B. . Ida B. Of 4743 people lynched, 72% were African American and 28% white. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. Wells often confronted lynch mobs, where a swarm of angry men and women gather and begin beating a black man that was kidnapped from jail. African American journalist Ida B. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas; the remainder were murdered in the South. Ida B. Address Accepting Democratic Presidential Nominati State of the Union Address Part II (1901), State of the Union Address Part II (1904), State of the Union Address Part II (1905), State of the Union Address Part II (1906), State of the Union Address Part II (1907), State of the Union Address Part II (1908), State of the Union Address Part II (1911), An Address to Congress on the Mexican Crisis. In May 1884, Wells had boarded a train to Nashville with a first-class ticket, but she was told that she had to sit in the car reserved for African Americans. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). . The campaign Ida B. The second subsection presents Ida B. Wells, "Lynch Law in America", January 1900 2 Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. ThoughtCo. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South] . Wells as social activist and journalist, but also studies her personality in the context of her major works and the historical realities of that time.. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased. Available at https://goo.gl/QvpcRf. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. The Negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Retrieved March 01, 2023, from https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. Men were taken from their homes by red-shirt bands and stripped, beaten, and exiled; others were assassinated when their political prominence made them obnoxious to their political opponents; while the Ku-Klux barbarism of election days, reveling in the butchery of thousands of colored voters, furnished records in Congressional investigations that are a disgrace to civilization. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. Thus lynchings began in the South, rapidly spreading into the various States until the national law was nullified and the reign of the unwritten law was supreme. . It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. . Born into slavery during the Civil War, Ida B. The photograph was taken in Indianapolis, where his wife and children had relocated after the murder. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. A new name was given to the killings and a new excuse was invented for so doing. This cannot be until Americans of every section, of broadest patriotism and best and wisest citizenship, not only see the defect in our countrys armor but take the necessary steps to remedy it. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born enslaved in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. The Bible at the Center of the Modern University. . Third, for the honor of Anglo-Saxon civilization. Address at the National Negro Conference. Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and control Black people in the 19th and 20th centuries . Ida B. During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Free Ebook Project Gutenberg 70,082 free ebooks 4 by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Download This eBook Similar Books Readers also downloaded In African American Writers In Crime Nonfiction Bibliographic Record Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900. The Educational and Industrial Emancipation of the A Governor Bitterly Opposes Negro Education. Wells, a journalist and social critic who had been born a slave in 1862, published "Southern Horrors: The Lynch Law in. Furthermore, Wells makes her argument persuasive by using ethos and logos to appeal to the audience. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. Her openly uncensored publications, 'Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its phases, and 'The Red Collection gutenberg Contributor Project Gutenberg Language Judge Lynch was original in methods but exceedingly effective in procedure. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one southern state after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Finally, for love of country. Wells, "Lynch Law in America: The Arena vol 23 (January 1900):15-24. Our countrys national crime is lynching. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches (Lit2Go Edition). . Many African Americans were denied participation in this event, and Wells, Frederick Douglass, and other black leaders . There is however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. by Frederick Douglass (illustrated HTML at NIU) Yet she doggedly reported on lynchings and made the subject of lynching a topic which American society could not ignore. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. Although lynchings have steadily increased in number and barbarity during the last twenty years, there has been no single effort put forth by the many moral and philanthropic forces of the country to put a stop to this wholesale slaughter. Following in uncertain pursuit of continually eluding fortune, they dared the savagery of the Indians, the hardships of mountain travel, and the constant terror of border State outlaws. They were hanged . When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets; then the father was also lynched. Wells was encouraged to pursue her education, and she eventually became a teacher herself. IDA B. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. Web. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. 4) Double standard of criminal law. This she has done, and it is certain will have to do again in the case of the recent lynching of Italians in Louisiana. . 5 On December 22, 1886 . But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born enslaved in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. Humiliating indeed, but altogether unanswerable, was the reply of the French press to our protest: Stop your lynchings at home before you send your protests abroad.. . Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. Another source of statistics and information on lynching is the report of the Equal Justice Institute. 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